As part of our survival, new cells are made through cell division, and old or unwanted cells die. Sometimes cells divide and multiply faster than they are needed and bad cells that are supposed to die continue to live, causing damage to good cells. The overgrowth of cells produces the disease called cancer and the overgrown cells […]
One would be reasonable to think that with so much information stored on the DNA that errors must happen pretty often. However, the DNA is usually very accurate and almost error-free. When errors occur; even small ones, disease may be the result. Here is an outline of what to expect. Autosomal Dominant Disorders Disorders of […]
What is a Punnett Square? A Punnett square is used to show the probability of an offspring with a given genotype resulting from a certain cross. How to Solve Punnett Square Problems Involving Autosomal Genes Autosomal genes are genes located on one the 22 pairs of chromosomes other than the sex chromosome (chromosome 23). We […]
Illustration In order to communicate, human beings have developed verbal language. However, we recognized that it was easier and more accurate to pass on important information by writing things down. So, we developed written language and created books to write them in. In order to organize and store our books we invented bookcases. Further on, […]
Objective To determine the blood type of unknown blood samples Background Everyone has a unique blood type which allows us to be able to give or receive blood to only specific individuals. Receiving the wrong blood will result in our antibodies attacking the blood that is being transfused and destroying it. When antibodies bind to […]
Introduction One would think that with advances in technology, we would by now pretty much eliminate human disease. However, the opposite has happened. Instead, we are increasingly encountering new emerging infectious diseases, the latest one, of course, being COVID-19. It started in 2019 and we thought that it would not last. Here we are in 2022 […]
